Cleopatra was the last descendant of Ptolemy dynasty in Hellenistic Egypt. She first ruled with her father and later with her brothers until she managed to stay alone on the throne and formed an alliance with Julius Caesar (they also had a love affair and a child named Caessarion). After the assassination of Julius Caesar, Cleopatra joined forces with Mark Antonius, whom he fell in love with and married. They got three kids. After their defeat from Octavian, Cleopatra and Mark Antonius committed suicide and Hellenistic Egypt became a Roman province.
Octavian August ruled as the first Roman Emperor, expanded the territories of the empire, secured its borders, and signed a peace treaty with Parthia. His hegemony was the beginning of a relatively peaceful period, known as Pax Romana (Roman Peace). Despite the wars at the border and a civil war for the succession of the empire, the Mediterranean had peace for over two centuries.
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