**Carl Gustav Jung**
Carl Gustav Jung (July 26, 1875 – June 6, 1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychotherapist who founded **Analytical Psychology**, one of the most influential schools of depth psychology.
He was born in the small Swiss village of Kesswil as the second child in his family; the first had died shortly after birth. Nine years later, his sister Gertrud was born. His father was a Protestant pastor whose work required the family to move frequently, while his mother suffered from periods of mental illness and was hospitalized for several months during Jung's childhood. As a boy, Jung was solitary, introspective, and socially reserved. He also experienced recurrent fainting spells brought on by emotional stress, which at one point forced him to leave school temporarily. Through determination and self-discipline, he eventually overcame the problem and resumed his education.
As he grew older, Jung developed a deep admiration for Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, whom he regarded as his "spiritual father." At the same time, he often disagreed with his father's rigid religious views. In 1895, he entered the University of Basel Medical School. The following year, his father died, leaving the family in financial difficulty. With the support of relatives, Jung was able to continue his studies and graduated in medicine in 1900. After reading Richard von Krafft-Ebing's *Textbook of Psychiatry*, he decided to specialize in psychiatry. Following a brief period of military service, he joined the Burghölzli Psychiatric Hospital in Zurich, where he worked under the renowned psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler.
In 1903, Jung married Emma Rauschenbach, the wealthy daughter of an industrial family, whom he had met several years earlier. They had five children, and Emma became not only his lifelong companion but also an accomplished analyst and an important collaborator in the development of Analytical Psychology.
Jung greatly admired Sigmund Freud and sent him a copy of his early work in 1907. Freud invited him to Vienna, where the two famously spent more than thirteen hours in uninterrupted conversation during their first meeting. A close personal and professional relationship followed and lasted for about six years. However, Jung gradually rejected Freud's view that psychological disorders were rooted primarily in repressed sexuality. Their theoretical differences culminated in 1913 with the publication of Jung's *Symbols of Transformation*, marking the end of their collaboration and the beginning of Jung's independent psychological system.
After leaving academia, Jung served as a captain in the Swiss Army during the First World War and, between 1916 and 1918, commanded a training camp for British internees in Switzerland. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, he traveled extensively across North Africa, East Africa, the American Southwest, and India, studying mythology, religion, symbolism, and the spiritual traditions of different cultures. In 1922, he purchased land in the village of Bollingen, where he built the famous Bollingen Tower, a place of retreat, reflection, and writing that remained central to his life.
Beginning in 1934, Jung conducted a celebrated series of seminars on Nietzsche's *Thus Spoke Zarathustra*, which continued until 1939. During these years, he also published many of his most influential books and essays, lectured internationally, and welcomed patients and students from around the world.
In 1944, following a serious fall, Jung suffered a heart attack and pulmonary embolism while hospitalized. He came close to death and later described profound visionary experiences that deeply influenced his reflections on life, death, and the unconscious. In 1955, the death of his beloved wife Emma was a devastating personal loss. He spent his final years largely at Bollingen Tower, writing and receiving a small number of visitors until he suffered a stroke and died on June 6, 1961, at the age of eighty-five.
